基于热电冷却的电池热管理预测性温度控制与运行特性研究

Abstract To address the thermal regulation demands of batteries under high-rate discharge, high-current operation, and rapid power release scenarios, this paper proposes a high-efficiency metal-assisted thermoelectric cooling (TEC) battery thermal management system (BTMS) and proposes a fast temperature-control model and its modeling method for balancing the battery heat production and thermoelectric heat dissipation. Experimental validation conducted under both constant-rate and variable-rate discharge conditions demonstrates the model’s efficacy, while comprehensive analysis reveals the TEC system’s operational dynamics, performance thresholds, and optimization pathways for enhanced thermal regulation. Experimental results demonstrate that under constant discharge rates (0.75 C–1.50 C), the proposed thermal regulation model effectively controls battery peak temperatures within 26 ± 4.8 °C through optimized TEC operating currents. Compared to non-TEC scenarios, the system achieves a 25.6 °C reduction in maximum temperature and 62.5 % faster thermal stabilization, with only a marginal 1.4–2.4 °C increase in dynamic temperature differentials. In the variable-rate discharge condition, the fast response characteristic of TEC temperature control was confirmed, which can meet the demand for rapid temperature control for a short time and high rate. The maximum battery temperature was controlled at 26 ℃ ± 2.9 ℃ in all variable-rate conditions. In the TEC battery thermal management system , it is found that the dynamic temperature difference of the battery is determined by its input current. Finally, in this study, the energy consumption of the TEC thermal management system only accounted for 2.55∼11.26 % of the total battery energy. In the future, by optimizing the performance of cold transfer from TEC to the inter-cell and the target temperature control range of the cell, cell homogenization performance and energy consumption will be further improved.