用于交流-直流整流的实用无外场超导二极管

We demonstrate a practical, field-free superconducting diode based on conventional Nb thin-film technology by integrating an intrinsic superconducting phase battery with an asymmetric DC superconducting quantum interference device. Unlike other approaches that require external magnetic fields or gate voltages to break time-reversal symmetry, our design achieves nonreciprocal supercurrents with on-chip phase bias, making it highly suitable for practical applications. The critical operational parameters, including the backward breakdown voltage and reverse resistance, are well defined by the Nb film gap voltage (∼2.8 mV) and the sub-gap resistance of the un-shunted Nb/Al–AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions. The resulting diode exhibits a forward supercurrent of 168 _μ_ A at 4.2 K, with a diode efficiency reaching 40%, a comprehensive performance exceeding prior field-free superconducting diodes. To validate its practicality, we fabricate and characterize a superconducting full-wave rectifier con