利用球磨法制备的Er3+掺杂TiO2作为电子传输层提升钙钛矿太阳能电池效率

Abstract Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an innovative advancement in photovoltaic technology. The superior optical characteristics of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) contribute to the progress of PSCs. In this study, Er-doped TiO 2 fabrication using the ball mill technique is reported. It has been claimed that the efficiency of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite-based solar cells can be increased by using Er-doped TiO 2 cells as an electron transportation layer (ETL). The change in crystal structures and nanostructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The average crystal size of TiO 2 was reduced from 17.43 nm to 15.59 nm by the addition of Er 3+ . The optical characteristics were explained by UV–visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Optical absorption indicates that the doping with Er makes a blue shift in the absorption edge; consequently, a band gap decreases from 3.41 to 3.38 eV and then increases up to 3.45 eV, while the absorption intensity decreases in the visible region. Doping resulted in a rise in fluorescence emission (PL), which corresponds to the intermediate levels created by Er ions. All doped samples exhibit higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 13.38 % than the pure one of 9.31 %. Er-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles have a 30.42 % enhancement in performance on the PSC. This research presents a simple and effective method for synthesizing Er-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles, significantly advancing PSC efficiency.