面向并网型电动汽车充电站的实时能量管理系统

This paper presents a real-time energy management system (EMS) for a commercial electric vehicle charging station (EVCS), integrating a hybrid inverter to manage power supply from photovoltaic (PV), the grid, and the energy storage system (ESS). The presented EMS can minimize operating costs while accounting for system dynamics such as constant current (CC)- constant voltage (CV) charging, ramping constraints of electric vehicle (EV) and ESS. Additionally, the EMS proposes the ESS degradation model to reduce the battery wear. The proposed EMS is modeled as a three-layer optimization problem to schedule power among the grid, PV, and ESS while addressing PV and EV load forecasting errors. It utilizes the adaptive receding horizon (ARH) for real-time energy management without considering the availability of prior information on EV parameters, making it realistic and robust. The proposed method is evaluated under two pricing schemes namely (i) real-time pricing and (ii) time of use (ToU) tariffs. The effectiveness of the proposed method is compared with several existing real-time EMS algorithms and its performance is found to be better. The sensitivity of the proposed method is analyzed with respect to variations in the optimization horizon and the weight settings of the objective functions. In addition, the scalability in terms of computational time is evaluated to ensure its effectiveness and feasibility for real-time applications.