通过生物源驱动的能源供应结合碳捕集与封存

Abstract Decarbonizing energy-intensive operations such as drying and calcination is essential for aligning the mineral processing sector with global climate targets. However, the low CO 2 concentrations typically found in flue gas streams from existing industrial plants present a major challenging to cost-effective carbon capture. This study addresses the urgent need for rapid decarbonization in the mineral sector through a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of seven retrofitting scenarios applied to a phosphate processing plant, used as a representative case. The evaluated strategies integrate biomass-based fuel substitution with mature post-combustion carbon capture technologies, specifically Monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption and Calcium Looping (CaL), alongside process enhancements such as Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and advanced phase-change heat recovery integration. Process simulations using ASPEN Plus, combined with economic analysis via the SEA tool, show that biomass substitution increases thermal energy demand by ∼13 %. EGR reduces this by up to 2 % while enriching CO 2 in the flue gas. Additionally, all carbon capture integration scenarios, except the one relying solely on internal waste heat recovery, achieved net-negative emissions. Among them, CaL achieved the highest decarbonization, reaching −125.76 kg CO 2 /ton-phosphate. MEA systems with steam recovery captured up to 95 % of CO 2 without external heat. Under renewable electricity conditions, MEA with heat recovery yielded the lowest Specific Primary Energy Consumption per CO 2 Avoided (SPECCA) at 1.28 MJ/kg-CO 2 , outperforming CaL (∼6 MJ/kg-CO 2 ). Furthermore, the MEA system incorporating EGR and heat recovery achieved the most favorable cost performance, with CO 2 avoidance costs as low as €25.75/ton-CO 2 , offering a highly cost-effective solution under current and future carbon pricing schemes. These findings demonstrate that integrating biomass, carbon capture, and heat recovery offers a practical, scalable pathway for deep decarbonization in phosphate and similar mineral industries.