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Al掺杂ZnO/碳纳米管双层结构对杂化太阳能电池光伏性能影响的研究
Investigation of ZnO:Al/carbon nanotubes bilayers effects on the photovoltaic performance of hybrid solar cells
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中文摘要
本文研究了商用单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）和通过微波法合成、并在铝掺杂氧化锌（ZnO:Al，AZO）衬底上采用喷涂法处理的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）的物理特性，并探讨了其作为CdTe基杂化太阳能电池中透明前电极或电子传输层的潜在应用。透明导电AZO薄膜在高真空腔体内通过射频（RF）磁控溅射系统在室温下沉积而成。所制备的AZO/碳纳米管双层结构通过扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、紫外-可见分光光度计以及四探针法等表征技术进行了分析。结果表明，与纯AZO衬底相比，AZO/SWCNTs双层结构的电学性能得到改善，这主要归因于碳纳米管的贡献，其提供了更有效的导电通路，从而增强了电子传输并减少了电荷复合。同时获得了用于评估AZO/CNTs双层结构作为透明导电氧化物（TCO）层在光伏器件中应用潜力的Haacke品质因数（figure of merit）值。其中，具有最高品质因数的AZO/SWCNTs双层对应于在175 W功率下沉积的AZO薄膜，其电阻率为6.8 × 10⁻² Ω·cm，平均透过率约为87%；而具有最高品质因数的AZO/MWCNTs双层对应于在100 W功率下沉积的AZO薄膜，其电阻率为2.9 × 10⁻¹ Ω·cm，平均透过率约为88%。进一步地，构建了采用AZO/CNTs双层作为透明前电极的衬底型CdTe基杂化太阳能电池（HSCs），并对每种杂化太阳能电池中的光伏效应进行了测量。当在HSCs结构中使用AZO/SWCNTs双层时，获得了2.4%的光电转换效率。在杂化器件结构中引入AZO/SWCNTs双层后，观察到短路电流密度（Jsc）值增加；而当在太阳能电池结构中加入AZO/MWCNTs双层时，开路电压（Voc）参数有所提高。
English Abstract
In this work, a study of the physical properties of commercial single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesized by the microwave method and processed by spray-coating method on aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al, AZO) substrates and their potential application as transparent front electrode or electron transport layer in CdTe based on hybrid solar cells is discussed. The transparent conducting AZO films were deposited by a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering system at room temperature in a high vacuum chamber. The synthesized AZO/carbon nanotubes bilayers were examined by the characterization techniques of scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometry, and four-point probe method. An improvement in the electrical properties of the AZO/SWCNTs bilayers with respect to the AZO substrates was observed, mainly attributed to the contribution of the carbon nanotubes which provide more effective conductive pathways to increase the electron transport and reduce the charge recombination. Haacke’s figure of merit values of the AZO/CNTs bilayers that was used to evaluate its potential application in photovoltaic devices as a TCO layer were also obtained. The AZO/SWCNTs bilayer with the higher figure of merit value corresponds to an AZO film deposited at 175 W, with a resistivity value of 6.8 × 10 –2 Ω·cm and transmittance average value around 87%. The AZO/MWCNTs bilayer with the higher figure of merit value corresponds to an AZO film deposited at 100 W, with a resistivity value of 2.9 × 10 –1 Ω·cm and transmittance average value around 88%. CdTe based on hybrid solar cells (HSCs) in a superstrate configuration with an AZO/CNTs bilayer as a transparent front contact were fabricated and the photovoltaic effect in each hybrid solar cell was measured. A conversion efficiency value of 2.4% was obtained when an AZO/SWCNTs bilayer was used in the structure of a HSCs. When an AZO/SWCNTs bilayer was used in the hybrid device structure, an increment in Jsc values was observed, meanwhile when an AZO/MWCNTs bilayer was added in the solar cell configuration the Voc electrical parameter increased.
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SunView 深度解读
该AZO/碳纳米管双层透明电极技术对阳光电源SG系列光伏逆变器及组件集成方案具有重要参考价值。研究显示双层结构可降低电阻率至6.8×10⁻²Ω·cm并保持87%透光率,有效提升电子传输效率并抑制载流子复合,这与我司1500V高压系统对前端电极低损耗、高透过率的需求高度契合。碳纳米管导电通路优化机制可启发SG逆变器MPPT算法改进,通过降低组件内阻提升弱光响应。该材料技术可应用于iSolarCloud平台的组件性能预测模型,为工商业光伏项目提供前端材料选型依据,推动转换效率从2.4%向商用级别突破。