高温储热系统用于氢载体吸热再转化的潜力

Abstract In resource-poor industrial countries with high energy consumption, a significant proportion of future energy will likely be imported by ships using chemical hydrogen carriers. The considered hydrogen (H 2 ) derivatives − liquefied natural gas, methanol, liquid organic hydrogen carriers, and ammonia − undergo considerable conversion losses during endothermic reconversion to H 2 in the importing country. Currently, these losses have been accepted and scientific research on approaches to increase conversion efficiency remains limited. This study introduces a novel concept for externally supplying conversion heat using local renewable electricity through a power-to-heat and high-temperature thermal energy storage system (HT-TES-P2H system). The advantages and disadvantages, along with key figures for the four H 2 derivatives, as well as the thermal and process-related integration of an HT-TES-P2H system into the endothermic processes, were analysed systematically. Suitable heat integration concepts were identified for all four H 2 carriers; ammonia was thermodynamically modelled in detail. For ammonia a majority of the endothermic heat can be provided by an HT-TES-P2H system and hydrogen yield increases from 80 to 96 %. Japanese and German energy systems were analysed to identify potential savings and suitable locations for implementing the concept. A simplified capital cost analysis was carried out for ammonia production in Brazil and Australia with import to Germany. Overall, our novel concept indicates that the addition of a relatively inexpensive HT-TES-P2H system in the importing country results in significantly greater capital expenditure savings of 16.7 % by reducing the size of the entire ammonia supply chain.