退火温度对杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池结构、形貌、光学和电学性能的影响：实验与模拟方法

In the field of photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells are gaining increasing recognition for their unique qualities. The main topic of this research is the effect of the annealing temperatures, such as 80 °C, 100 °C, and 120 °C, on the growth of perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . A sol–gel method, combined with dip coating, has been used to synthesize methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ). The resulting films have been characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and the four-point probes method to identify the optimal temperature for the formation of the films. The XRD revealed a tetragonal structure in all perovskite films. These films have a direct bandgap of about 1.56 eV. Subsequently, using the experimental results, we have studied the characteristics of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with ITO/ZnMgO/MAPbI 3 /GO/Au structure employing a solar cell capacity simulator (SCAPS 1D). The thicknesses, defects, acceptor densities, interface defects, and temperature were analyzed and optimized. An efficiency of 23.16% was achieved with the ITO/ZnMgO (100 nm)/MAPbI 3 (300 nm)/GO (280 nm)/Au structure. Our findings represent a significant advancement in experimental and simulation research for solar applications.