柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的全面综述：材料、机理、性能、应用及商业化现状

Abstract Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have significantly advanced photovoltaic technology , achieving rapid efficiency improvements from 3.8% to over 25% in a decade, making them a cost-effective and powerful alternative to conventional photovoltaic options. Among PSCs, Flexible PSCs (FPSCs) are particularly promising owing to their lightweight, high power-to-weight ratio, and compatibility with roll-to-roll manufacturing, which supports scalable and cost-efficient production. FPSCs are ideal for applications ranging from wearables to portable devices. To fabricate efficient FPSCs, each component layer must function effectively, and this review offers a detailed analysis of material and structural advancements in FPSCs, focusing on flexible, transparent, and opaque electrodes that complement durable substrates for large-area fabrication. More than 22% efficiency and remarkable bending endurance have been attained by FPSCs recently, which has been possible by using materials with desired properties. These materials, including transparent conductive oxides , polymer substrates , conductive polymer electrodes, metallic substrate and electrodes, metallic nanostructures , and carbon-based compounds are reviewed. This review additionally discusses key properties of FPSCs, including flexibility, durability, optical properties , thermal stability, and environmental stability. It also explores the working mechanisms of these cells and their potential applications, such as wearable electronics , building-integrated photovoltaics, and portable power sources. The review further examines the current commercialization status of PSCs and emphasizes the importance of material selection to enhance crucial properties like efficiency, flexibility and ultimately facilitating the development of commercially viable and sustainable photovoltaic solutions. By guiding material choices, this overview lays the foundation for understanding FPSCs’ potential and their real-world photovoltaic applications. _________________________________________________________________________