海上漂浮式光伏系统在运动状态下的发电性能：动态入射角与部分遮蔽效应的影响

Abstract Offshore floating photovoltaic (OFPV) is an emerging technology that captures solar energy in harsher oceanic environments. Photovoltaic panels mounted on floaters are subjected to significant wave-induced stochastic motions, leading to continuous variations in sunlight incidence angles. Accurate assessment of such dynamic motion impacts on power generation requires an interdisciplinary modelling framework that integrates high-fidelity hydrodynamic simulations with detailed electrical performance analysis. However, most existing studies only specialize in either part, leaving few models capable of addressing OFPV systems. Additionally, the influence of motion on power output remains unclear, which is a critical concern for OFPV floater designers. To address these gaps, this paper proposes a coupled power prediction model for OFPV, and the dynamic motion effect is analyzed from two perspectives: incidence angle and partial shelter. The modelling framework incorporates several submodules, including sun trajectory, motion correction, electrical circuit model, partial shelter correction and hydrodynamic analysis. After that, a four-module OFPV system is selected for analysis, along with its photovoltaic panel layout. Subsequently, the established model is validated against available test and measurement data. Following validation, detailed investigations are conducted on platform motion responses, optimal installation angles, and the resulting effects on power output. Further, the influence of sun trajectory on power output is briefly discussed. Results demonstrate that the power average loss and fluctuation are amplified with increasing motion amplitude. Partial shading contributes additional losses beyond those caused by incidence angle changes alone. The motion-induced average power loss is less than 1 % and it is smaller under real sea state due to the short duration of large-amplitude motions, whereas, the maximum transient loss is 3.4 %. Besides, installation angle variations make an average power loss of 5 % while it is 6.5 % and 25 % under latitude- and season-induced sun trajectory impacts. Investigation reveals that the motion-induced transient disturbance and sun trajectory-induced average loss to power output should be thoroughly considered in OFPV designs.