基于金属氢化物的家用氢能储存系统的高效热管理解决方案

Abstract Metal hydride (MH) functions as a low-pressure hydrogen storage medium, with its inherent pressure characteristics making it particularly well-suited for residential applications. However, the hydrogen storage pathway suffers from lower round-trip efficiency compared to direct electrical storage methods, highlighting the urgent need for effective waste heat recovery strategies. This study aims to enhance the overall efficiency of residential hydrogen storage systems. An integrated thermal management system (ITMS) model for MH-based hydrogen energy storage is first developed, with validation carried out for the water electrolysis, MH, and fuel cell. The hydrogen absorption and desorption processes are then analyzed, with flow rate, pressure, and temperature jointly regulated to optimize performance. The efficiencies of both Power-to-Hydrogen-to-Power (P2H2P) and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) modes are evaluated and compared. Results demonstrate that the ITMS can fully satisfy residential power and heat demands, even under extended periods of low solar irradiance (e.g., four consecutive overcast days), achieving overall efficiencies of 47.0% for P2H2P and 87.5% for CHP. Further analysis reveals that the effectiveness of MH temperature control declines significantly when the Level-of-Hydrogen exceeds 95% or drops below 5%. Under typical operating conditions, the system maintains surplus hydrogen storage capacity to support long-term operation, with P2H2P and CHP efficiencies reaching 46.4% and 89.1%, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights for advancing hydrogen-based energy storage technologies in residential settings.