考虑电–氢–热混合储能系统的南极微电网多时间尺度优化经济调度

Abstract Antarctic research stations rely heavily on diesel generators, which are costly and environmentally unsustainable. To address this issue, we investigate an economic dispatch strategy that enhances energy reliability and reduces diesel dependence by integrating a hybrid electric–hydrogen–thermal energy storage system. First, a temperature-dependent energy storage model is developed, adapted to the extremely low-temperature conditions of Antarctica. Building on this model, a multi-timescale hybrid energy storage system is constructed. It incorporates short-term batteries, mid-term vanadium redox batteries, and long-term hydrogen storage to mitigate power fluctuations across hourly, daily, and seasonal timescales, respectively. In parallel, a hybrid thermal energy storage is designed, consisting of short-term thermal storage for buffering rapid heat load fluctuations and long-term storage for maintaining a stable heat supply. Subsequently, a multi-timescale co-optimization economic dispatch strategy is proposed to prioritize the charge and discharge operations of storage. A multi-timescale optimization framework is formulated, considering operating costs, energy storage degradation, and carbon emission penalties. This strategy enables coordinated energy shifting and balancing across polar day and polar night cycles. To address the prolonged zero-output challenge of photovoltaic during the polar night, this paper introduces the zero-sensitive adaptive clustering algorithm (ZSACA), which effectively reduces clustering errors under extreme photovoltaic outage conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed approach reduces the levelized cost of electricity by 24.27 %, decreases daily carbon emissions by 21.04 %, and keeps hydrogen storage SOC above 0.52 year-round. Battery lifespan is extended, renewable energy utilization is improved, and energy supply is stabilized during equipment failures. These findings suggest that hybrid storage systems with is formulated scheduling control offer a viable pathway to decarbonize and secure Antarctic microgrids.