优化光伏性能：相变材料集成的三重研究

The efficacy of photovoltaic (PV) systems is significantly affected by variables including solar irradiance, panel temperature, and thermal management techniques. This study develops an advanced PV-phase change material (PV-PCM) system utilizing nanomaterial-doped PCMs to enhance photovoltaic efficiency via efficient thermal regulation. The experimental configuration, situated at KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India (10°57′N, 76°59′E), comprises three identical 5W photovoltaic panels, each incorporated with distinct phase change materials: one utilizing paraffin wax, another employing Glauber salt (Na₂SO₄·10H₂O) combined with graphene, and a third featuring a composite of Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, graphene (Gr), and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles. The thermal and electrical performances of each configuration are assessed under actual outdoor conditions. The Na₂SO₄·10H₂O–graphene composite demonstrates superior thermal conductivity and temperature regulation compared to paraffin wax. Furthermore, the integration of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles significantly improves thermal stability and heat dissipation. The Na₂SO₄·10H₂O–Gr–Al₂O₃ composite exhibits the highest cooling efficacy among all configurations, lowering panel temperature by as much as 2 ℃ and enhancing electrical efficiency by 0.7% to 1.2% relative to the paraffin-based system. These findings underscore the capacity of nanomaterial-enhanced phase change materials to enhance solar panel performance via superior thermal management.