积尘对光伏和光热发电系统的影响：半干旱气候下的实验分析与模拟研究

Abstract Dust accumulation “soiling” significantly diminishes the energy output of Photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems, especially in arid and semi-arid climates. Despite its impact, soiling losses are often underreported, with regional and seasonal variations frequently overlooked. This study evaluates soiling’s impact on large-scale PV and CSP systems under identical conditions at Green Energy Park (GEP), Morocco. Three PV technologies (Mono-crystalline, Polycrystalline, Cadmium Telluride) and CSP (Fresnel) were examined, with two PV systems per technology—one cleaned every two days and the other left uncleaned. High-precision techniques, including Tracking Cleanliness System (TraCS) and reflectometer systems for CSP and continuous monitoring of maximal power output with an MPP meter card for PV, measured Cleanliness Index over four months. The Results showed varying average daily soiling rates: −0.44%, −0.51%, and −0.47% per day for Mono-crystalline, Cadmium Telluride, and Polycrystalline PV, respectively. The CSP system exhibited −1.99% per day during dry periods, 4 to 5 times greater than PV systems. Using local meteorological data, SAM software simulated 1 MWe PV and CSP plants in a semi-arid climate from 6 June to 6 October 2022. Simulations reveal that energy generation in clean conditions yielded 584 MWh (PV) and 886 MWh (CSP), while soiled conditions reduced output to 552 MWh (PV) and 632 MWh (CSP). Consequently, the electrical production loss due to soiling amounted to 32 MWh for PV and 254 MWh for CSP, indicating that energy reduction is approximately eight times more pronounced for CSP than for PV systems.