基于刚体与气弹模型风洞试验对比的大跨度柔性光伏支架结构风致振动响应气弹效应研究

Abstract Compared to fixed photovoltaic (PV) support structure, the large-span flexible PV support structure (LSFPS) is highly prone to significant deformation and displacement upon strong winds, rendering its aeroelastic effect unavoidable. Under this circumstance, the one-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) approach which combines rigid body pressure wind tunnel experiment and finite element analysis (FEA) fails to predict wind-induced vibration responses accurately. Moreover, existing LSFPS aeroelastic wind tunnel experiments are challenged by complicated model scaling and limited measurement technology. There is an urgent need to develop a high-precision aeroelastic experimental method to systematically explore the aeroelastic effect on LSFPS wind-induced vibrations and quantify its impact through evaluation coefficients. Hence, a LSFPS aeroelastic model design method with integrated aerodynamic-stiffness-mass scaling was proposed in this study. Besides, a high-precision, no-inference point-line-surface three-dimensional aeroelastic experiment measurement system based on laser displacement meters, tension sensors and high-speed imaging technology was developed. Additionally, a displacement correction formula was introduced to account for PV module deformation and instrument precision errors. A series of one-way FSI analyses and aeroelastic wind tunnel experiments on LSFPS were conducted, systematically analyzing differences in time/frequency domain characteristics, energy evolution, and modal energy distribution of wind-induced responses, while revealing the influence of structural parameter changes on aeroelastic effects. The findings demonstrate that the proposed aeroelastic model design method and measurement system for LSFPS can accurately reflect and capture the three-dimensional aeroelastic wind-induced vibration responses. The dynamic magnification effect of LSFPS under high wind speed is overestimated by ignoring aeroelastic effect, while the inter-row shielding effect of the LSFPS array is underestimated. The aeroelastic effect also alters the significance of resonance modes and the energy bandwidth, enhancing the concentration of modal energy. Aeroelastic effect on the windward first row’s mean and standard deviation scale linearly with span, while the mean difference between windward first and last rows scale linearly with the inter-row interference factor.