光伏电池效率性能、稳定性和成本降低的最新进展：一项综述

Abstract Solar Photovoltaic (PV) energy, as a renewable technology, is increasingly surpassing fossil fuels and other renewable sources due to its distinct advantages. Recent advancements in PV cells, which are crucial component of PV technology, are closely linked to their materials, including silicon – carbon, cadmium telluride – group II − IV semiconductors, gallium arsenide – group III − V semiconductors, and perovskite – rear-earth transition metalloids (RT 3 M). This review offers depth analysis of recent developments in PV solar cells, focusing on silicon, perovskite, and perovskite/silicon tandem cells. Key factors influencing the commercialization and widespread adoption of PV technologies—such as efficiency, stability, environmental impact, and production costs—are thoroughly examined. Silicon PV cells, while leading the market, face limitations due to the Shockley-Quesser limit and complex manufacturing processes that drive up costs. Techniques like luminescence converters (LCs) are being explored to enhance efficiency close to the S-Q limit. In contrast, perovskite cells exhibit promising opto-electronic properties that could enable low-cost cells with up to 26 % efficiency. Stability and the environment are still significant issues though, with ongoing research focused on addressing these issues. Tandem PV cell technology, which combines perovskite and silicon cells, holds great potential for revolutionizing the industry. By leveraging the unique properties of both materials, tandem cells can achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of up to 32 % while reducing production costs. The primary challenges here involve the perovskite component, with recrystallization and passivation techniques showing promise in mitigating these effects. The review also includes a cross-material analysis and discusses future directions for PV technology.