面向电网集成的高温热能储能系统设计优化

Abstract Decarbonizing the electric grid is essential for climate change mitigation and it requires a shift from fossil fuel-powered generation technologies to renewable energy technologies . The intermittency of renewables means that they can only be reliably integrated into the grid when complemented with long-duration energy storage technologies . An emerging storage technology, termed Thermal Energy Grid Storage (TEGS), has been shown to have low enough energy and power capacity costs such that it can enable a cost-effective decarbonization of the grid. The design optimization of this TEGS system for its integration into the electric grid is explored here. TEGS systems could be designed to enable constant-power discharging and fast charging since these are critical assets for a storage technology to have. The former matches utilities’ expectations of a power source while the latter enables fully utilizing cheap, excess electricity available from renewables to quickly increase the amount of energy stored in the system. Here, nonlinear models encapsulating TEGS discharge and charge behaviors are incorporated into the Capacity Expansion Model, GenX, to determine the value of constant-power discharging and fast charging of TEGS. The study shows that these improvements, enabled by oversizing the discharging/ charging infrastructures can offer additional value to the grid if the discharging/ charging infrastructure costs remain relatively small compared to the overall capital expenditure.