面向三相不平衡缓解的电动汽车聚合商两阶段竞价策略及其调度潜力研究

The proliferation of electric vehicles(EVs)intro-duces transformative opportunities and challenges for the stabil-ity of distribution networks.Unregulated EV charging will fur-ther exacerbate the inherent three-phase imbalance of the pow-er grid,while regulated EV charging will alleviate such imbal-ance.To systematically address this challenge,this study propos-es a two-stage bidding strategy with dispatch potential of elec-tric vehicle aggregators(EVAs).By constructing a coordinated framework that integrates the day-ahead and real-time mar-kets,the proposed two-stage bidding strategy reconfigures dis-tributed EVA clusters into a controllable dynamic energy stor-age system,with a particular focus on dynamic compensation for deviations between scheduled and real-time operations.A bi-level Stackelberg game resolves three-phase imbalance by achieving Nash equilibrium for inter-phase balance,with Ka-rush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)conditions and mixed-integer second-order cone programming(MISOCP)ensuring feasible solutions.The proposed coordinated framework is validated with differ-ent bidding modes includes independent bidding,full price ac-ceptance,and cooperative bidding modes.The proposed two-stage bidding strategy provides an EVA-based coordinated scheduling solution that balances the economic efficiency and phase stability in electricity market.