近零碳能源系统的优化与评估：光伏、热泵及电热联合储能方案的集成

Abstract With the rising demand for “zero-carbon” energy solutions in buildings, there is an increasing focus on technologies such as photovoltaics and energy storage. Nonetheless, achieving a coordinated, practical “zero-carbon” operation for these systems remains a significant challenge. This study introduces a novel integrated energy system that combines photovoltaic panels, cross-seasonal thermal storage, electrical storage, and heat pumps. Designed to address the timing mismatch and instability between large-scale photovoltaic energy generation and building energy needs, the system aims to achieve a “zero carbon” operation. Using TRNSYS software, an energy consumption model of the integrated energy system was developed to simulate operational data over representative days and years. For a public building with a floor area of 25,000 m 2 , the optimized system configuration includes a 2.6 MW seawater heat pump, a photovoltaic installation spanning 25,000 m 2 , a 29,200 m 3 cross-seasonal thermal storage water pit, and a 2436 kWh battery storage. Results indicate that the system achieves a 96.24 % net carbon reduction, with 85.21 % of photovoltaic electricity directly used by the building, and reduces the payback period to 7.11 years. The proposed integrated energy system significantly lowers carbon emissions, enhances energy supply and demand balance, and demonstrates strong technical and economic feasibility.