一种用于太阳能功率优化器的多层控制系统：集成I-V曲线扫描与过压保护

Solar Power Optimizers (SPOs) offer significant potential for improving photovoltaic (PV) system performance by addressing module mismatch and partial shading challenges. This paper introduces an innovative multi-layer control system for series-connected SPOs that extends beyond traditional SPOs by integrating diagnostic and protective capabilities. Utilizing a Four-switch Buck-Boost converter topology, the proposed system implements an approach for I-V curve scanning and overvoltage protection across multiple photovoltaic modules. The research develops two distinct overvoltage protection controllers: one for the I-V curve scanning process and another for partial shading conditions, with a wireless communication protocol enabling seamless data exchange between modules and overcoming connectivity challenges in series-connected configurations. Experimental validation is conducted on a prototype system, demonstrating the method’s effectiveness in maintaining maximum power point tracking (MPPT), extracting I-V curves, and preventing voltage stress under varying operating conditions. The system captures detailed module performance, ensures stability, and enhances diagnostic and reliability through advanced control strategies, offering a cost-effective solution for solar energy system performance and maintenance.