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基于氨燃料质子陶瓷燃料电池、微型燃气轮机和气隙膜蒸馏的电-热-淡水三联产系统的4E性能分析与多目标优化
4E performance analysis and multi-objective optimization of a power-heat-freshwater trigeneration system based on ammonia-fed protonic ceramic fuel cell, micro gas turbine, and air gap membrane distillation
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中文摘要
摘要 为应对全球对清洁能源和淡水日益增长的需求，特别是在岛屿和沿海地区，提出了一种创新性的电-热-淡水三联产系统，该系统集成了氨燃料质子陶瓷燃料电池（NH₃-PCFC）、燃气轮机（GT）和气隙膜蒸馏（AGMD）。基于热力学、电化学、经济学及环境科学理论，建立了全面的4E（能量、㶲、经济、环境）数学分析模型，推导出多种性能评价指标，并量化了各组件中的不可逆损失。评估了系统的可靠性、可行性与竞争力，并对不同子系统、组件及运行模式的性能进行了比较。针对七个关键参数，开展了局部敏感性分析、全局输入-输出相关性评估、基于Sobol法的全局敏感性分析以及采用遗传算法的多目标优化，以识别潜在的性能提升路径。结果表明，系统的发电功率、㶲效率、总能量效率、平准化度电成本和淡水成本分别为122.53 kW、45.78%、94.69%、0.082美元/kWh和18.41美元/m³。与NH₃-PCFC/GT子系统相比，发电功率和总能量效率分别提高了4.39%和49.84%。在系统全生命周期内，可淡化海水6461.13吨，减少二氧化碳排放3690.90吨。调节电流密度或空气利用率对提升4E性能更为敏感，而调整电堆入口温度、进料温度或换热器#3冷端温差则敏感性较低。通过决策方法确定的优化结果给出了148.26 kW的发电功率和12.81美元/m³的淡水成本，并提供了相应的参数设计方案。
English Abstract
Abstract To address the increasing global demand for clean energy and freshwater, particularly in islands and coastal regions, an innovative power-heat-freshwater trigeneration system integrating an ammonia-fed protonic ceramic fuel cell, a gas turbine, and air gap membrane distillation is proposed. A comprehensive 4E (energy, exergy, economic, and environmental) mathematical analysis model is established based on thermodynamics, electrochemistry, economics, and environmental theories, deriving various performance evaluation indicators and quantifying irreversible losses in components. The system’s reliability, feasibility, and competitiveness are assessed, and the performance of different subsystems, components, and operating modes is compared. Local sensitivity analysis parameters, global input–output correlation evaluation, Sobol-based global sensitivity analysis, and multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm are performed on seven key parameters to identify potential performance enhancement pathways. Results indicate that the system’s power output, exergy efficiency, overall energy efficiency, and levelized costs of electricity and freshwater are determined as 122.53 kW, 45.78 %, 94.69 %, 0.082$ kWh −1 , and 18.41$ m −3 . Compared with the NH 3 -PCFC/GT subsystem, power output and overall energy efficiency increased by 4.39 % and 49.84 %. Over the system lifecycle, 6461.13 tons of seawater are desalinated, and 3690.90 tons of CO 2 emissions are reduced. Regulating current density or air utilization is more sensitive for improving 4E performance, while adjusting stack inlet temperature, feed temperature or heat exchanger #3 cold end difference is a less sensitive option. Optimization results determined by the decision-making method yield a power output of 148.26 kW and a cost of 12.81$ m −3 , with corresponding parameter design schemes provided.
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SunView 深度解读
该氨燃料三联供系统的4E优化方法对阳光电源储能系统具有重要借鉴价值。其多目标遗传算法优化策略可应用于PowerTitan储能系统的能量管理,通过调节充放电电流密度、温度等参数实现能效与成本的帕累托最优。系统45.78%的火用效率和94.69%的综合能效为ST系列PCS的热管理优化提供参考。特别是其敏感性分析方法可用于iSolarCloud平台的预测性维护算法,识别影响储能系统性能的关键运行参数,提升海岛及沿海地区光储一体化项目的经济性与环境效益。