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基于气源能量与盐水合物热化学热变换器耦合的朗肯-卡诺电池的技术经济性评估
Techno-economic evaluation of a Rankine Carnot battery coupling air-source energy and salt hydrate thermochemical heat transformer
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中文摘要
摘要 为支持可再生能源的并网，亟需具备地理适应性强、大规模、长时储能能力的储能解决方案，这凸显了传统热储能系统的关键局限性。为实现高能量密度和高品质热能提升，本文提出一种新型由气源能量驱动的朗肯-卡诺电池系统，该系统采用级联式盐水合物热化学储能（TCES）模块，以提高能量密度、往返效率及经济可行性。针对两种储能构型——增压辅助热化学储能和增压辅助级联热化学储能结合冷凝热回收——开展了系统的综合建模与技术经济性评估。结果表明，后者具有更优的热力学性能，其往返效率显著达到67.73%，㶲效率为71.89%，储热密度达136.38 kWh/m³。此外，该系统表现出具有竞争力的平准化储能成本，仅为0.214美元/kWh。在所提出的两种卡诺电池系统中，热泵冷凝器造成的㶲损最大，分别为1734.24 kW和1005.19 kW，占总㶲损的27.7%和29.6%；压缩机和膨胀机是最昂贵的部件，二者合计占总投资额的50%以上。此外，储能模块和热化学材料成本在两个系统中也占据显著比例。参数分析揭示了储热温度、放热温度、环境温度、压缩机与膨胀机的等熵效率、每日充电时长以及最小传热温差对系统性能的影响。值得注意的是，基于增压辅助级联热化学储能并结合冷凝热回收模块的卡诺电池在多种运行条件下均保持更优的平准化储能成本，使其成为一种具备地理独立性且经济可行的储能策略的有力候选方案。
English Abstract
Abstract The urgent need for geographically flexible, large-scale, and long-duration energy storage solutions to support renewable energy integration highlights critical limitations in conventional thermal storage systems. To achieve high energy density and heat quality upgrading, this article introduces a novel air-source energy-driven Rankine-Carnot battery system employing cascaded salt hydrate-TCES modules to enhance energy density, round-trip efficiency, and economic viability. Comprehensive modeling and techno-economic evaluations are performed for the systems based on two storage configurations: pressurization-assisted thermochemical energy storage and pressurization-assisted cascade thermochemical energy storage with condensation heat recovery. Results reveal that the latter possesses a better thermodynamic performance, yielding a significant round-trip efficiency of 67.73 %, an exergy efficiency of 71.89 %, and a heat storage density of 136.38 kWh/m 3 . Furthermore, the system demonstrates a competitive levelized cost of storage of 0.214 $/kWh. In both proposed Carnot batteries, heat pump condensers cause the greatest exergy destructions of 1734.24 kW and 1005.19 kW, occupying 27.7 % and 29.6 % of the total; the compressor and expander are the most expensive components, the sum of which accounts for over 50 % of the total investment. Additionally, the cost of storage modules and thermochemical materials occupy noticeable ratios in the two systems. Parametric analyses highlight the impact of storage temperature, discharging temperature, ambient temperature, isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and expander, daily charging time, and pinch point temperature difference on system performance. Notably, the pressurization-assisted cascade thermochemical storage with condensation heat recovery module-based Carnot battery maintains a superior levelized cost of storage across diverse operating conditions, making it a promising candidate for a geographically independent and economically viable energy storage strategy.
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SunView 深度解读
该Rankine-Carnot电池技术为阳光电源储能系统提供重要参考。其67.73%往返效率和0.214$/kWh平准化成本与ST系列PCS性能指标形成互补,盐水合物热化学储能的高能量密度(136.38kWh/m³)可启发PowerTitan系统热管理优化。压缩机-膨胀机占比超50%投资的分析,对储能系统成本结构优化具有指导意义。多物理场耦合建模方法可应用于iSolarCloud平台的预测性维护算法,提升储能电站全生命周期经济性评估能力。