基于分时电价策略的住宅建筑光伏与钒氧化还原液流电池系统设计与技术评估

Abstract This study investigated the technical feasibility of a photovoltaic and vanadium redox flow battery (PV-VRFB) system for residential power supply in urban environments. A three-dimensional transient model of the VRFB unit was established using COMSOL to analyze battery performance under different current densities. The VRFB unit simulation demonstrated good agreement with experimental results, showing a relative voltage error of 1.34 %. The research focused on a typical residential community in Shenzhen, utilizing time-of-use electricity pricing as an energy management strategy. The simulation results indicated that the current density of VRFB had a significant impact on charge–discharge time, efficiency, as well as the stored and output energy. At a current density of 40 A/m 2 , the coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency, and energy efficiency of the VRFB were 93.18 %, 84.77 %, and 78.99 %, respectively. Higher current densities adversely affected overall system energy performance. An increase in VRFB current density from 40 A/m 2 to 60 A/m 2 resulted in decreases of 2.19 % in PV self-consumption rate (PRSR) and 2.30 % in load coverage rate (LCR). The PV-VRFB system achieved annual average PV self-consumption rate and load coverage rate values of 59.40 % and 62.08 %, respectively. The PSCR and LCR values were improved by 18.07 % and 14.18 % compared to the PV-Only system. The research results show that, in the current system, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is 0.7416 CNY/kWh and the dynamic payback period (DPP) is 22.65 years. Introducing a PV-VRFB system in residential areas significantly enhances renewable energy utilization, while highlighting the critical importance of controlling the VRFB current density.