不同冷却条件下油浸式电力变压器热性能的实验评估

Power transformers are essential components of electrical systems, and their lifespan is governed by internal temperatures that accelerate the degradation of their solid insulation. Therefore, studies aimed at understanding and improving the thermal performance of these components are well justified. This paper presents a thermal performance analysis of transformers with directed, forced, and natural oil cooling systems, based on 14 temperature rise tests conducted on a prototype unit equipped with 22 fiber optic sensors to measure temperatures along its active part and at key points such as the top oil and radiator inlet. Using a complete test setup, the number of radiators and fans was varied to evaluate their impact on the directed and forced oil cooling systems. Additionally, complete deactivation of the cooling system was tested in both configurations, revealing different heating rates for the top oil and hotspot temperatures. The impact of different cooling systems on equipment lifespan was analyzed, and the thermal performance under varying load conditions was evaluated. The obtained results allow for evaluating cooling system performance under different conditions, contributing to a better understanding of their characteristics, essential for informed decision-making in transformer thermal design and operation.