固态氢储能与热能及电能储能的协同集成：多能协同优化

Abstract Energy storage is essential for enhancing the utilization of intermittent renewable energy sources. Among available technologies, metal hydride-based hydrogen storage offers high safety, compactness, and suitability for long-duration applications. Yet its adoption is limited by significant thermal challenges, including heat release during hydrogen absorption and heat input required for desorption. This study proposes a hybrid energy storage-integrated energy system that combines metal hydride hydrogen storage with thermal and electrical energy storage to enhance multi-energy coordination. A key innovation is the integration of a phase change material (PCM) tank to capture heat from hydrogen absorption and fuel cell operation, which is reused for hydrogen desorption and heating. A two-phase collaborative optimization framework is developed, where the first phase determines the configuration of renewable and conversion units, and the second phase optimizes the sizing of energy storage subsystems. Applied to a near-zero energy community under six scenarios, results show that the fully integrated storage mode reduces carbon emissions by 59.9% and grid interaction by 38.6% compared to the mode without battery, and lowers the levelized cost of energy by 17.0% relative to the mode without thermal storage. This work introduces a thermally coordinated hydrogen storage strategy and a replicable optimization framework, providing new insights for designing low-carbon, hydrogen-integrated energy systems.