高性能热管理材料：被动辐射冷却与潜热存储能力的协同集成

Abstract Radiative cooling (RC) is a sustainable, zero-energy cooling technology that achieves self-cooling by dissipating heat to outer space via thermal radiation, offering considerable potential for development. However, the effectiveness of radiative cooling materials (RCMs) is constrained by weather variability and a limited cooling capacity, restricting their applicability to diverse thermal management needs. To address these limitations, this study introduces an innovative thermal management material (TMM) that synergistically integrates RC with latent heat storage, enabling efficient thermal radiation, energy storage, and dynamic temperature regulation. The RC module passively emits thermal radiation to outer space throughout day and night, ensuring continuous cooling. The phase change material (PCM) module absorbs excess cooling from the RC process to prevent overcooling and strategically releases stored thermal energy when RC is insufficient, thereby stabilizing the cooling effect. This dynamic regulation improves system stability and maximizes cooling efficiency. Experimental results show that the TMM extends the cooling duration to 252 min by compensating when the RCM alone becomes insufficient, outperforming conventional RCMs. Under 720 W/m 2 solar radiation, the TMM maintains a temperature 10 °C lower than conventional RCMs and 20 °C below testing environment. Furthermore, the TMM maintains temperatures within a comfortable 24–28 °C range, prolonging cold energy regulation by approximately 152 min and mitigating excessive cooling. The TMM demonstrates exceptional thermal stability and performance across varying weather conditions. This study introduces a novel strategy for intelligent, low-energy thermal management, expanding the applicability of RC technology and paving the way for next-generation energy-efficient TMMs.