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电动汽车驱动 ★ 5.0

直流至5 MHz宽输出带宽高功率高保真转换器

DC-to-5-MHz Wide-Output-Bandwidth High-Power High-Fidelity Converter

作者 Jinshui Zhang · Boshuo Wang · Xiaoyang Tian · Angel V. Peterchev · Stefan M. Goetz
期刊 IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
出版日期 2024年9月
技术分类 电动汽车驱动
相关度评分 ★★★★★ 5.0 / 5.0
关键词 功率电子 高功率 高带宽 氮化镓晶体管 嵌入式控制解决方案
语言:

中文摘要

电力电子技术的进步使得实现高功率水平(例如电网中达到吉瓦级)或高输出带宽(例如通信领域中超过兆赫兹)成为可能。然而,要同时实现这两者仍具有挑战性。从高效多通道无线电力传输到前沿的医学和神经科学应用等各种应用,都需要高功率和宽带宽。传统逆变器可以在电网或特定频率范围内实现高功率和高质量,但在达到更高输出频率时会失去其保真度。谐振电路可以产生高输出频率,但带宽较窄。我们通过将氮化镓(GaN)晶体管与模块化级联双 H 桥电路相结合,并采用能够处理典型时序和平衡问题的控制方法,克服了这些硬件挑战。我们开发了一种紧凑的嵌入式控制解决方案,其中包括改进的查找表数字合成器和新颖的自适应偏置消除最近电平调制方法。与以往的方法相比,该解决方案有效地解决了高功率水平与高输出带宽之间的矛盾,并且原则上可以在这两个维度上进行扩展。我们的原型机在达到 5 千伏安功率水平的同时,频率范围从直流到 5 兆赫兹,且在整个频谱范围内总电压失真小于 18%。我们通过扫频输出频率和两次通道混合试验展示了该系统的应用,试验内容包括一个面向实际磁遗传学的刺激脉冲以及一个通信消息示例。

English Abstract

Advances in power electronics have made it possible to achieve high-power levels, e.g., reaching GW in grids, or alternatively high output bandwidths, e.g., beyond MHz in communications. Achieving both simultaneously, however, remains challenging. Various applications, ranging from efficient multichannel wireless power transfer to cutting-edge medical and neuroscience applications, demand both high power and wide bandwidth. Conventional inverters can achieve high power and high quality at grid or specific frequency ranges but lose their fidelity when reaching higher output frequencies. Resonant circuits can yield a high output frequency but only a narrow bandwidth. We overcome these hardware challenges by combining gallium-nitride (GaN) transistors with modular cascaded double-H bridge circuits and control that can manage typical timing and balancing issues. We developed a compact embedded control solution that includes an improved look-up-table digital synthesizer and a novel adaptive-bias-elimination nearest-level modulation. This solution effectively solves the conflict between a high power level and high output bandwidth and can, in principle, be scaled in both dimensions, in contrast to previous approaches. Our prototype exhibits a frequency range from dc to 5 MHz with less than 18% total voltage distortion across the entire frequency spectrum while achieving a power level of 5 kVA. We demonstrated applications of the system by sweeping the output frequency and two channel-mixing trials, which included a practical magnetogenetics-oriented stimulation pulse as well as a communications message example.
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SunView 深度解读

从阳光电源的业务视角来看,这项DC至5MHz宽输出带宽高功率高保真变换器技术展现了多个维度的战略价值。该技术突破了传统逆变器在高功率与宽频带之间的固有矛盾,这与我们在光伏逆变器和储能系统领域面临的技术瓶颈高度契合。

首先,该研究采用的GaN(氮化镓)功率器件与模块化级联双H桥拓扑结构,为我们下一代高频逆变器的开发提供了重要参考。相比传统硅基IGBT方案,GaN器件的高开关频率特性可显著提升逆变器功率密度,这对于我们追求的高效率、小型化产品路线图具有直接应用价值。5kVA功率等级下实现DC-5MHz频率范围且总电压失真低于18%的性能指标,证明了该技术在电能质量控制方面的优越性。

从应用场景看,该技术的宽频带特性为我们拓展新兴业务领域创造了可能。在储能系统中,宽带宽变换器可更灵活地应对电网频率波动和谐波抑制需求;在无线充电和V2G(车网互动)等新能源汽车配套设施中,多频道能量传输能力可提升系统适应性。论文提出的自适应偏置消除最近电平调制算法,对我们优化现有多电平逆变器控制策略也有借鉴意义。

然而,技术产业化仍面临挑战:GaN器件的成本和可靠性需进一步验证,模块化级联方案的系统复杂度会增加制造和维护成本。建议我们重点关注其在高端储能变流器和特种电源领域的应用,通过技术跟踪和联合研发,逐步将相关技术整合到产品迭代路线中,保持我们在新能源变换技术领域的领先地位。