非零加速度条件下无人机应用中风冷式质子交换膜燃料电池的动态建模与性能分析

Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) offer a promising clean energy solution for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Although the air stoichiometric ratio (ASR) of air-cooled PEMFCs has been extensively studied under zero acceleration conditions in UAV applications, its optimal behavior under non-zero acceleration remains largely unexplored, hindering effective thermal management and output performance. This paper develops a coupled PEMFC–UAV modeling framework to optimize ASRs under acceleration and varying altitudes. Results show that optimal ASRs vary notably with acceleration across altitudes compared to zero-acceleration conditions. At sea level (0 m), the ASR shows the greatest sensitivity to acceleration: from a baseline of 67 at 0 m/s 2 , it increases by 11 and 25 at 0.2 m/s 2 and 0.4 m/s 2 , and decreases by 9 and 19 at −0.2 m/s 2 and −0.4 m/s 2 , respectively. Under 0.4 m/s 2 acceleration at altitudes of 0 m, 1000 m, 2000 m, and 3000 m, stack voltage rises by 0.066 V, 0.189 V, 0.296 V, and 1.416 V; voltage uniformity improves by 21.78 %, 63.48 %, 68.64 %, and 87.45 %; and efficiency increases by 0.102 %, 0.291 %, 0.455 %, and 2.18 %. Temperature uniformity is enhanced by 6.637 %, 9.839 %, 11.14 %, and 22.33 %, while hydrogen consumption is reduced by 6.2 × 10 -4 g, 2.33 × 10 -3 g, 4.08 × 10 -3 g, and 2.15 × 10 -2 g. These findings offer practical insights into adaptive ASR-based optimization of PEMFC output performance under UAV acceleration.