混合直/波纹散热器设计用于超临界CO2先进热管理

Abstract Managing the thermal load of high heat flux electronic devices remains a major challenge in the electronics industry, driving the demand for advanced heat sink designs and efficient coolants. This study explores the performance of novel supercritical CO 2 (sCO 2 )-cooled heat sinks based on hybrid designs that combine straight and corrugated channels, under varying mass fluxes and operating pressures. Results demonstrate that Dean vortices generated in corrugated sections substantially enhance turbulent kinetic energy and disrupt thermal boundary layers, resulting in an approximate 50 % increase in heat transfer coefficients and a base temperature reduction of about 10 K within the studied operating range. Increasing sCO 2 mass flux produces a more pronounced improvement in heat transfer for straight-dominant mode models, whereas pressure drops in corrugated-dominant mode models exhibit greater sensitivity to changes in mass flux. Although operating pressure has a less pronounced effect than mass flux, thermal uniformity improves at higher pressures (8.0 and 8.5 MPa), while peak heat transfer occurs at 7.5 MPa. The model featuring an initial straight section comprising one-third of the channel length followed by a corrugated section constituting the remaining two-thirds exhibits the best temperature uniformity, achieving a maximum temperature difference of less than 5 K. Performance metrics indicate that sCO 2 -cooled heat sinks outperform water-cooled systems by a factor of 1.54 to 2.19. The temperature uniformity index is reduced by a factor of 1.89 to 3.91. These findings highlight the potential of sCO 2 and hybrid designs to enable high-performance thermal management in next-generation electronic systems.