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推进净零排放建筑理念：在不同能源与气候背景下整合光伏与电能存储以提升净零能效建筑的环境性能
Advancing the Net Zero emission building concept: Integrating photovoltaics and electrical storage for NZEB environmental performance in different energy and climate contexts
语言:
中文摘要
摘要 净零能耗建筑（NZEB）标准在推动可持续建设和增强气候韧性方面发挥着关键作用。然而，大多数分析集中于建筑运行阶段，忽视了材料、施工和拆除处置等环节所产生的隐含环境影响。本研究通过采用生命周期评估方法，在两种差异显著的电网结构与气候条件下，系统评估了NZEB的环境影响，弥补了这一研究空白。研究结合经过校准的建筑能耗模拟与生命周期评价（LCA），对比了三种建筑配置方案：无可再生能源的基准案例、集成光伏发电（PV）的方案，以及进一步集成电池储能系统（BSS）的方案。研究结果揭示了显著的情境依赖性差异。在摩洛哥本格里尔（Benguerir），引入光伏使气候变化影响降低了31%（每年减少2727千克二氧化碳当量），而增加电池储能系统后进一步降低51%（每年减少4941千克二氧化碳当量），其环境投资回收期分别为39年和26年。相反，在法国里昂（Lyon），光伏集成反而使气候变化影响增加了20%（每年增加370千克二氧化碳当量），加入电池储能系统后增幅达50%（每年增加929千克二氧化碳当量），原因是所生产的可再生能源量不足以抵消光伏与储能系统制造所带来的隐含碳排放。研究结果表明，电网能源结构与气候条件对同一建筑的可持续性表现具有显著影响，凸显了在可再生能源整合与建筑设计中制定因地制宜策略的重要性。
English Abstract
Abstract Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) standards are instrumental to drive sustainable construction and climate resilience. However, most analysis focus on the operational phase, overlooking embodied impacts from materials, construction, and end-of-life processes. This study addresses this gap by using a life cycle approach to evaluate NZEB environmental impacts in two contrasting grid and climate contexts. A calibrated building energy simulation and life cycle assessment (LCA) were used to compare three configurations: a base case without renewables, PV integration, and PV with Battery Storage System (BSS) integration. The study revealed significant context-specific differences. In Benguerir, PV integration reduced the climate change impact by 31 % (avoiding 2727 Kg.Co2eq/Year), and adding BSS further reduced it by 51 % (avoiding 4941 Kg.Co2eq/Year), achieving environmental payback in 39 and 26 years, respectively. Conversely, in Lyon, PV integration increased the climate change impact by 20 % (adding 370 Kg.Co2eq/Year), and adding BSS raised it by 50 % (adding 929 Kg.Co2eq/Year), as the renewable energy generated did not compensate for the embodied impacts. The findings demonstrate that grid context and climatic conditions significantly influence the sustainability performance of the same building, highlighting the importance of context-specific strategies for renewable energy integration and building design.
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SunView 深度解读
该研究揭示光伏储能系统环境效益的地域差异性，对阳光电源ST系列储能变流器与SG逆变器集成方案具有重要指导意义。在高碳电网地区，PowerTitan储能系统可显著降低建筑全生命周期碳排放达51%，验证了我司光储一体化解决方案的环境价值。研究强调需根据电网清洁度与气候条件优化储能容量配置，这与iSolarCloud平台的智能能量管理策略高度契合，可为NZEB项目提供因地制宜的系统设计与运维优化方案，推动建筑领域碳中和目标实现。