多端柔性直流配电网故障识别及定位研究综述

With widespread integration of distributed generation, energy storage, and new loads, distribution networks are evolving toward complex multi-layer, multi-level, and multi-loop DC topologies. Fast transient faults and intricate mechanisms pose serious threats to system stability. This paper reviews network architecture, grounding modes, fault characteristics, identification methods, and localization techniques, and discusses challenges and future directions.

随着分布式电源、储能和新型负荷等设备的广泛接入,配电网直流特征愈发明显,逐渐向多层、多级和多环的复杂直流配电网络发展.由于系统中存在大量换流装置,当直流线路发生短路故障时,故障暂态过程迅速,故障机理复杂,严重危及系统安全稳定运行.该文首先对多端柔性直流配电系统的网架结构和各换流器的接地方式进行阐述;其次,对典型故障场景下各换流器的故障特性进行分析,并从多个角度对现有直流配电系统故障识别方法研究现状进行分类总结;接着,从故障区段定位和故障测距 2 个方面总结了国内外学者已取得的研究成果;最后,对目前多端柔性直流配电网故障识别和定位的研究所存在问题进行阐述,同时对未来相关研究方向进行了展望,为后续面向大规模、复杂直流拓扑的故障识别和定位研究提供参考.