氢储能与抽水蓄能容量配置优化及比较分析以提升清洁能源基地电力系统灵活性

Abstract The integration of renewable energy introduces volatility and intermittency, challenging power system stability. While both hydrogen energy storage (HES) and pumped hydro storage (PHS) effectively mitigate fluctuations in wind and solar power generation, a systematic comparative analysis of their performance has been lacking. This study presents a comparative analysis of HES and PHS systems for optimal energy capacity configuration. We developed a novel optimization model incorporating storage constraints and introduced an hourly utilization rate metric for comprehensive evaluation using the Entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. Key findings demonstrate distinct advantages: HES provides 61,200 MWh (85 h) long-duration storage, while PHS offers 23,787 MWh (87 h) for short-term balancing. PHS shows superior efficiency above 4,500 MW photovoltaic (PV) capacity, though both systems achieve >92 % renewable utilization, with HES excelling in large-scale integration. The comprehensive evaluation reveals PHS’s significant advantages in carbon reduction (199,200 tons of CO 2 ), LCOE, and shorter payback period. Evaluation scores range 39.51–74.31 (PHS) and 37.51–65.48 (HES). The optimal energy capacity configuration combines 4,000 MW PV with 1,200 MW storage, while HES remains competitive at 1,400 MW. This research provides a valuable framework for renewable energy storage deployment decisions.