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控制与算法 构网型GFM 下垂控制 ★ 5.0

P3R:用于用户侧直流建筑的局部功率后置调节构网型变换器

P3R: Partial Power Postregulated Grid-Forming Converter for Prosumer DC Buildings

语言:

中文摘要

本文介绍了一种基于升降压串联部分功率变换器的概念,用于在建筑用直流组网变换器中实现下垂控制。由于该变换器负责处理直流建筑与电网之间的所有功率,因此其高效率至关重要。本研究探讨了将两种高性能解决方案相结合的可行性,即具有 700/350 V 恒定电压传输比的串联谐振直流 - 直流(DCX)变换器,以及遵循用户侧直流建筑下垂控制曲线的部分功率后调节器(P³R)。在此应用中,DCX 需要按照住宅直流安装标准的要求确保交流和直流部分之间的隔离,同时提供必要的电压匹配。搭建并测试了一个 5 千瓦的原型,以评估该概念的性能和有效性。结果表明,P³R 能够以约 99% 的效率提供所需的输出电压调节,对整个系统效率的影响极小。由 DCX 和 P³R 组成的直流组网变换器在额定功率下的整体效率为 96.5%,效率曲线非常平坦,是一种很有前景的解决方案,可替代频率或占空比控制的串联谐振变换器,后者在高功率下效率较低。

English Abstract

This article introduces a concept based on a step-up/down series partial power converter to perform droop control in dc grid-forming converters for buildings. Being responsible for processing all the power between the dc building and the grid, the high efficiency of this converter is essential. This study investigates the feasibility of combining two high-performance solutions—series-resonant dc-dc (DCX) converter, which features a constant voltage transfer ratio of 700/350 V and a partial power postregulator (P3R) that follows the droop control curves for prosumer dc buildings. In this application, the DCX is required to ensure isolation between ac and dc parts as required by standards for residential dc installations while also providing the necessary voltage matching. A 5-kW prototype was built and tested to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the concept. The results show that P3R can provide the required output voltage regulation with an efficiency of around 99%, resulting only in minimal impact on the overall system efficiency. The realized dc grid-forming converter comprising DCX and P3R features an overall efficiency of 96.5% at rated power, with a very flat efficiency curve, presenting a promising solution instead of frequency, or duty-cycle controlled SRC, which results in lower efficiency at high power.
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SunView 深度解读

从阳光电源的业务视角来看,这项P3R部分功率后调节技术为我们在直流建筑微网和产消者应用领域提供了重要的技术参考价值。

该方案的核心创新在于将串联谐振DCX变换器与部分功率后调节器结合,实现了高效的直流组网控制。对于阳光电源而言,这一架构与我们在储能变流器和户用光储系统中的技术路线高度契合。特别是在直流母线架构的储能系统中,该技术可显著提升系统整体效率——P3R模块本身效率达99%,系统整体效率达96.5%,且效率曲线平坦,这对于提升我们产品在全功率范围内的能量转换性能具有重要意义。

论文提出的700/350V电压变换比例和droop控制策略,与当前户用光储系统的典型电压等级相吻合。这为我们开发面向产消者建筑的直流微网解决方案提供了可行路径,尤其在光伏、储能、充电桩多元负载场景下,部分功率处理架构能够降低变换器容量需求,减少系统成本。

技术挑战方面,该方案需要两级变换器的协同控制,增加了控制系统复杂度。此外,直流建筑应用在国内市场的标准体系尚不完善,需要我们参与相关标准制定。但从技术成熟度看,5kW原型已完成验证,具备向10-20kW户用级产品扩展的潜力。

建议我们的研发团队重点关注该技术在模块化储能系统中的应用,探索与现有光储一体机产品线的融合可能性,特别是在高端别墅、商业建筑等对效率和可靠性要求较高的场景中进行技术储备和产品规划。