实现城市太阳能电动汽车零碳排放的解决方案

Abstract Solar electric vehicles are gradually becoming one of the most important modes of green urban commuting. This paper investigates the energy management and forecasting challenges for urban solar electric vehicles with the goal of achieving zero-carbon emissions. A systematic energy management and forecasting method is proposed, which incorporates photovoltaic power forecasting, vehicle power consumption forecasting, and vehicle-to-grid technology. Based on this method, the annual performance of solar electric vehicles in Beijing and Kunming is analyzed. Three scenarios are compared: (1) without photovoltaic systems; (2) with photovoltaic systems but without vehicle-to-grid technology; and (3) with both photovoltaic systems and vehicle-to-grid technology. The results show that in Beijing, compared with the scenario without vehicle-to-grid technology, when the daily travel distance is 10–12 km, solar electric vehicles with vehicle-to-grid technology can feed 48.8 % of the total photovoltaic generation into the grid, which would otherwise be wasted. When the daily travel distance is 20–24 km, solar electric vehicles with vehicle-to-grid technology can overcome the limitations of continuous rainy days and battery capacity to achieve zero-carbon travel. In addition, the influence of photovoltaic efficiency and daily travel distance on the annual electricity savings of solar electric vehicles is analyzed. The results show that the annual electricity savings of solar electric vehicles without vehicle-to-grid technology are affected by both the daily travel distance and the photovoltaic efficiency. In contrast, the annual electricity savings of those with vehicle-to-grid technology are affected solely by the photovoltaic efficiency.