探索在不同溶剂中合成的非金属

Supercapacitors are emerging as a key solution for next-generation clean energy storage, yet enhancing their capacitance remains a major challenge. In this study, phosphorus-doped NiCo 2 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method using different solvents—distilled water, ethanol, and a water–ethanol mixture. Comprehensive characterization techniques including XRD, FE-SEM, EDAX, XPS, TEM, and BET analysis were employed to evaluate the structural, morphological, and surface properties of the samples. Notably, the sample synthesized in ethanol exhibited a high surface area of 81.36 m 2 /g. Electrochemical evaluation using a three-electrode setup in 2 M KOH revealed that the ethanol-mediated phosphorus-doped NiCo 2 O 4 delivered a remarkable specific capacitance of 545.45 Fg −1 at 1 Ag −1 . Furthermore, the electrode retained 93.21% of its capacitance after 5,000 cycles, demonstrating excellent cycling stability with the excellent Coulombic efficiency (almost at 95%). These findings highlight the potential of phosphorus-doped NiCo 2 O 4 as a high-performance electrode material for advanced supercapacitor applications.